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The Impossibility Of Moral Responsibility - 2006 Words

Moral responsibility is a concept that has, in some way, existed in every culture and civilization that recorded history can tell us about. From the Law of Hammurabi to beliefs in judgmental gods mankind has always assumed some form of moral responsibility—whether metaphysical or within a society. While pragmatic considerations of moral responsibility seem to be necessary for living within a society, the philosophic concept of moral responsibility beckons many inherent problems that must be resolved. Galen Strawson in â€Å"The Impossibility of Moral Responsibility† presents a strong argument as to why moral responsibility is impossible, while Susan Wolf responds to the problems presented, and argues that moral responsibility does exist in some†¦show more content†¦He shows the argument in the way it exists in a person’s life, which allows for more coherent discussion, and as he later states, â€Å"new forms of objection† (314). One important note to make on Strawson’s argument is his hard determinist stance. He believes that every decision and action of a person is predetermined by their heredity and early experience. For him, no form of free will exists. While he does believe that a person is able to examine their behaviors and tendencies, their ability to self-revise is predetermined by heredity and early experience. His determinist stance allows his argument to be sound and extremely difficult to refute. Another important thing to draw from the Strawson argument is what is meant by moral responsibility. For Strawson, true moral responsibility means that one is responsible to the degree that it is sensible to either punish one with eternal torment in hell, or reward one with enteral bliss in heaven (314). His definition of moral responsibility is not confined to religious faith in heaven or hell, but rather is used to convey an absolute nature of accountability. This concept of moral responsibility as Strawson pres ents is pivotal in understanding his objection of moral responsibility. Strawson’s argument is not against a legislative or judicial sense of responsibility, and does not take the form of responsibility that aShow MoreRelatedThe Neural Basis Of Free Will : Criterial Causation Essay1523 Words   |  7 Pagessimply take in sensual inputs, and make a decision off of these inputs. This argument is acknowledged through the impossibility of self-causation argument which Peter Ulric defines through his book, â€Å"The Neural Basis of Free Will: Criterial Causation†, where he explains the impossibility of self-causation argument down to a neurological level. He says that the definition of impossibility of self-causation comes down to mental events and neurological causal chains occurring in the mind, and the inabilityRead MoreEssay on What Are A Fathers Rights Concerning an Abortion1069 Words   |  5 Pageshe is willing to take on the responsibilities of having a child so h e should have a say if his fetus should be terminated or not. The Becoming A Father/Refusing Fatherhood article states, â€Å"To be a father-as-progenitor a man simply has to provide the sperm that leads to conception, whereas to be a father-as-carer a man has to take on a variety of social roles. The roles associated with the father-as-carer included disciplinarian, breadwinner/provider, guardian, moral compass, sex role model, guideRead MoreEvil And Suffering By John Hick1606 Words   |  7 Pagessimilar terms. Dating back to the creation of the universe, evil and suffering have influenced our existence as human being. Many factors are responsible for how humans cope with, experience, and perceive evil and suffering. Evil can be defined as a moral or natural suffering that affects human beings (Reuter, 29 August 2016). Furthermore suffering can be defined as a response to threat to integrity of self (McFarland, 12 September 2016). One of the greatest challenges with evil and su fferings isRead MoreA Engineer s Responsibility Is Still Vague Of The Top Demand Professions Of All Time1699 Words   |  7 PagesTime to wake up Engineering has been one of the top demand professions of all time. Nevertheless, the awareness of an engineer’s responsibility is still vague in the society. In this concurrent era of technological revolutions, it has become highly relevant to give a definition to this. The question, ‘whether engineer should remain within the limitations/ guidelines of the organizations they work for or not’ finds high relevancy and importance. There are ongoing strong debates on this matter, withRead MoreDiscussion on the Determination of Self Essay777 Words   |  4 Pagespower is magnified at the cost of man’s freedom. It seems to me that by accepting this theory of determinism, one must reject the idea of moral responsibility. We must choose whether we believe that at the point of decision making a person can distinguish and thus choose between what is right and what is wrong, according to their moral self. If we take this point as valid, we must all together reject determinism and take the view of libertarianism. However the libertarianRead More Sinner is the Saint in The Heart of the Matter by Graham Greene1085 Words   |  5 Pagessurrounding moral responsibility are outlined in Graham Greenes 1948 novel, The Heart of the Matter. The story outlines the plight of a man of principle who is unable to fulfill his responsibilities to himself, his wife, and God. Scobie, an upright assistant commissioner for the police, has little promise of improvement facing life with a small income, few friends, and a malcontent wife. As he becomes further trapped in his situation, he must choose between upholding religious and moral valuesRead MoreA Modest Proposal By Jonathan Swift Essay836 Words   |  4 Pagesnot at this day think it a great happiness to have been sold for food at a year old, in the manner I prescribe, and thereby have avoided such a perpetual scene of misfortunes, as they have since gone through, by the oppression of landlords, the impossibility of paying rent without money or trade, the want of common sustenance, with neither house nor clothes to cover them from the inclemencies of the weather, and the most inevitable prospect of entailing the like, or greater miseries, upon their breedRead More determinism Essay1550 Words   |  7 Pagesstrongest argument against determinism is the inherent moral dilemma. If every action was already predetermined and there was no way of going around it, than how can we hold people responsible for committing crimes, or give praise for noble deeds, if the person had no choice but to do as they did, how coul d they be held morally responsible for their actions, it would be like punishing your dog for eating. Could you imagine a world with no moral responsibility, albeit the world would be a much more acceptingRead MoreAdolf Eichmann: The Existential Failure1596 Words   |  7 Pagesinability to accept responsibility, and hence his freedom, he fails to think for himself and assert himself as an individual, and thus fails to define his own essence, and finally, he adopts a grossly perverted ethics that twists his actions from being immoral to moral. Sartre claims that the first duty of existentialism is to instill in all people knowledge of the heavy responsibility that accompanies existence. (16) Being human entails the capacity to act, with which comes responsibility to others, forRead MoreTruth Telling in Todays Society Essay588 Words   |  3 Pagesother hand, lying can be used as a tool of deception and manipulation. When used in this manner lying becomes detrimental to an individual and to a society. â€Å"We need to sort out what is and what is not morally justifiable, just as we must sort out moral from immoral behavior in politics, science, and religion (qtd. in hooke, 210)† The witness’ protection program is relied upon by many individuals across the nation to protect their lives against dangerous criminals. In order for this to be successful

Accounting Issues Australian Law Firm

Questions: 1. How did Slater and Gordon meet the capital markets expectation of the firms growth as reported in the Undoing of Slater and Gordon?2. Review the annual financial reports of Slater and Gordon for the reporting years 2013, 2014 and 2015. Analyze how revenue was recognized in each of the reporting years, and explain why the firms reported revenue dropped significantly in 2015? 3. In your opinion, are there any breaches of the fundamental principles of accounting ethics (as prescribed in APES 110 Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants) in the firms accounting practices? Explain Answers: 1. Slater and Gordon became the first Australian law firm to go public in 2007. It also had high revenues and there was no end to expansion. With a strong framework and immense solidity it reached significant height. It entered the UK market in 2012 with the acquisition of a number of smaller law firms in UK. It was one of the major ways to enhance the reach and availability of the firm. Revenues soared and led to the acquisition of Quindell in 2015. This aggressive market expansion strategy coupled with the growing profits was sufficient to make the market believe its growth story. The growth was highlighted with the concept of strong market penetration and strong level of efficiency (Fyfe, 2016). The share prices reached the highest in April 2015 post which the downfall began. The fact that Slater and Gordon have fought some of the most complex cases in Australia made it trustworthy in the eyes of investors. In the midst of these acquisitions and great performance, it is widely kno wn that it was the one acquisition of Quindell which turned the cards otherwise. Its ability to deliver key figures as headlines and the reassuring corporate upward track record made it a good pick for the investors. Its concept of no win no fee also became popular and made it win fame. Thus by all these factors Slater and Gordon won market confidence and displayed growth. 2. Slater and Gordon followed the concept of Work in Progress for recognition of revenues. It also followed the concept of no win no fee in personal injury cases which means that the revenue will not be realized until the case is completed and won. It was one of the unique idea that was proposed to have a different set of working. So in such cases, the revenue is recognized on the basis of progress of the work and the estimation of the likelihood of success based on the status of completion and current progress of the case (Christensen, 2011). Thus, the revenues were recognized in the years 2013 and 2014 on the cases that were under progress. This led to the firm reporting higher profits. But in fact, the actual money was either not recovered in full or totally not recovered at all. Thus, it had reported $467 million of work in progress in 2014 and $826 million in 2015. It means that there was a difference in terms of reporting numbers and realization. As pointed out by Tynan, work i n progress is one such accounting concept that gives the management huge discretion in deciding the amount of reported profits. This raised a red flag towards the firms attitude of accounting and aggressive acquisitions. However, every firm cannot go with this strategy and is even complex in nature as the firms cannot survive for long with this concept (Simnet Emby, 2005). It was also researched and found that Slater and Gordon was buying the undervalued work in progress of these smaller law firms that had the impact of inflated profits. This was again proved when the firm started facing cash difficulties as the Work in Progress so recognized was not recovered in terms of cash even after eighteen months to two years. The combines impact of all the work in progress accounted in 2013 and 2014 became evident in 2015 as there was no matching of revenues with the cash flow. Majorly, the work in progress created immense problem for the firm and surrounded it with difficulties. Tough time s began as ASIC started investigating and stated elevated work in progress and accelerated acquisitions to be the root causes for the disaster. The downfall happened because the work in progress escalated immensely and thereby, it was unable for the firm to operate (Gay Simnet, 2015). Thus the remarkable expansions turned out to be risky and the firm that was once in limelight is now struggling for its survival. The struggle can be cited due to the complex program of the management that disturbed the entire scenario and did not allowed further expansion. Such strategies are beneficial only in the short term course (Baldwin, 2010). However, when it comes to the long term perspective it is difficult to conduct the operations on this strategy. 3. Accounting is an area requiring sufficient knowledge and expertise. It cannot be performed without an expertise. Hence, it is essential that the operations should be conducted by those having a strong level of efficiency. Not just the auditors, but the accountants are also expected to be competent enough with the accounting standards and the practical application of the fundamental principles of accounting (Gilbert et. al, 2005). It is important that the accountants must adhere to the fundamentals and provide a strong level of transparency. As the whole, in the case of Slater and Gordon topsy turned on the single concept of Work in Progress, it would not be wrong to say that there has been a breach on the part of the accountants and auditors (Fyfe, 2016). Professional competence and Due care, integrity, objectivity and professional behavior are a few fundamental requirements. Revenues recognized that might be never realized are a clear instance of prudence. This concept requires t hat accounting should provide for all possible losses but not account for profits that are uncertain (Heeler, 2009). Uncertain profit should never be accounted as it is an event that is contingent and therefore, the happening is not sure. So this concept has been violated by the firm (APES, 2016). Given the stand that accountants have flawed in the understanding and application of the concept of Work in Progress, what is more surprising is that the auditors have also been signing these financial statements and performed the audit of the accounts without discovering the inflated revenues and window dressed profitability (Fyfe, 2016). Hence, it is clear that there has been a flaw by the accountant and auditors. Such a concept should never be permitted and provided a consent as it leads to immense problem in the long run. No business can survive with the work in progress system as it is based on happenings that are contingent in nature (Cappelleto, 2010). This clearly lands the auditor s also in professional negligence and lack of sufficient auditing procedures. It is the duty of the auditor to consider all the aspect of the business and ensure that it is free from any shortfalls (APES, 2016). However, the auditors in this scenario failed to trace the errors and hence, considered a violation. Thus APES 110 has been breached. References APES 2016, APES 110 Code of Ethics for Professional Accountants, viewed 29 September 2016, https://www.apesb.org.au/uploads/standards/apesb_standards/standard1.pdf Baldwin, S 2010, Doing a content audit or inventory, Pearson Press. Cappelleto, G. 2010, Challenges Facing Accounting Education in Australia, AFAANZ, Melbourne Christensen, J. 2011, Good analytical research, European Accounting Review, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 41-51 Fyfe, M 2016, The undoing of Slater and Gordon, viewed 29 September 2016, https://www.smh.com.au/good-weekend/the-undoing-of-slater-and-gordon-20160613-gphmej.html Gay, G Simnet, R 2015, Auditing and Assurance Services, McGraw Hill Gilbert, W. Joseph J Terry J. E 2005, The Use of Control Self-Assessment by Independent Auditors, The CPA Journal, vol.3, pp. 66-92 Heeler, D 2009, Audit Principles, Risk Assessment Effective Reporting, Pearson Press Messier, W Emby, C 2005, Auditing Assurance Services: A systematic approach, McGraw-Hill.

Troy Film Essay Essay Example

Troy Film Essay Paper A movie that is based on the on the narrative of love and war. Paris the Prince of Troy played by Orlando Bloom. was fell in love with the Queen of Sparta who is Helen ( Diane Kruger ) who happens to be the married woman of King Menelaus that has been convinced by his brother Agamemnon to assail Troy. To win the war he recruits Achilles the greatest warrior of all clip. to contend with the Greeks and they neer been defeated until Achilles died. All of us who have read the work’s of Homer would be more aroused to see what is look like of Helen and the brilliant work of the wooden Equus caballus of the Trojans. The Trojan Horse in the movie was non plenty to warrant what we have read from the narrative. it was supposed to be one of the major events. From my point of position the film shapers will do you experience nescient because they may believe that you are non cognizant of Grecian mythology. I’ve seen besides that the histrions tare non really good suited for there characters. like Achilles could be more like a hero to this film. or Paris could had been more persuasive than to be diffident because he must is acquiring Helen’s attending. retrieve she is the most beautiful adult female in this narrative. We will write a custom essay sample on Troy Film Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Troy Film Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Troy Film Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Possibly some of the scenery in this movie is good but some are non. The scenes of the collapsible shelters. the barbarian ways of the people. and the costumes in this movie was acceptable. When it comes to artistically plan of the movie as describes from the book it is non good presented as a whole. They have forgotten that the war lasted long. it could hold should that other people would be aging by that clip. This movie lacks from luring the audience to watch it until the terminal. I think if person is non knowing to this movie they will take to pick one of the histrions like Brad Pitt to wait for an exciting minutes of the scene. Worst some of us possibly caught kiping for the it didn’t truly made an impact to the people who had a great outlook to this movie. What I like to this movie is that the bravery of doing this film. because nowadays most of the immature 1s are non familiar or good informed to this sort of heroic narrative. They have got my ballot for being one of our reminders to larn more things from our antediluvian narratives. what the great authors of the universe have contributed to feed the universe about civilizations and tradition. Like for illustration in this narrative they have implicated to pay regard for the dead. the war had stopped for 12 yearss because of Hector’s funeral. This lone shows that in even in the conflict. there are somethings that will go forth us follow traditions and regard for each other remains. The good thing is what great creative persons from the yesteryear. has provided us a long permanent work of art. We know really good that up to now we benefit from this because creative persons today are still utilizing it. I believe that whatever civilizations or histories in the past that we have. will ever impact our present lives. though we may non be cognizant. If you will truly look at it. this things truly helps us to get by in this universe together with our yesteryear. Work Cited Victor. Smith. â€Å"Troy. † 2007. starpulse. com. December 12. 2007. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. starpulse. com/Movies/Troy/

buy custom Joint Ventures essay

buy custom Joint Ventures essay Joint venture refers to a situation where an organization or company makes an investment in collaboration with another one so that they can take advantage of an opportunity. The companies that enter a joint venture will share equally the profits and losses that come through the venture. There are factors that determine the formation of a joint venture rather than an organization taking the business wholly as an independent venture. Some of these factors include government policies, sharing of resources and market share, to share costs and risks, and also to diversify product and service delivery to consumers and customers. This essay seeks to show processes that take place before a joint venture is formed, the advantages and disadvantages of the venture and also the evaluation of the venture. Brookfield properties Corporation, a company that is based in the North America entered into a joint venture with another company in London, Bishopsgate. One of the reasons for the joint venture, as indicated in the introductory part is that it is a way of expanding the company and its market share. In forming a joint venture with a company in London, Brookfield now controls a certain percentag of market share abroad; something that is facilitated by the goodwill and relationship of Bishopsgate with its customers. It is important to keep in mind that there is always the threat of entry to a market that any chief executive of the company must look at and even avoid. By going into a joint venture with Bishopsgate, Brookfield is now rid of the threat of entry. There are so many reasons why the two companies decided to come together and form a joint venture. One of these reasons is to allow the companies to access market share and take advantage of each companys profile mutually. This means that before a decision transpired to the formation of the joint venture, the companies must first carry out research on the history and endeavors of each other and therefore make a conclusive decision that they can work together to make a certain objective. As can be seen from Brookfield Corporation, the company is a giant in construction and management of properties. The portfolio indicates that the company has a wide financial base and stability and therefore is in a position to undertake a project without hustles. On the other hand, Bishopsgate holdings have a site that can bee developed and managed to create many rentable spaces in the city and therefore great returns to the investors. The joint venture therefore becomes an important part of the deal and the two companies come to an agreement. It is worth mentioning that in the case of Brookfield and Bishopsgate, the two companies sealed a deal of 50:50 joint ventures. Sometimes the percentage will depend on what each individual company is putting into the business and it is therefore important to keep in mind the fact that it is not by default that companies coming to a joint venture will give a 50: 50 % profit and loss sharing. Decisions for entering into a joint venture are sometimes a hard one to make. However, it is at times necessary as a strategic planning and management practice to put companies into competitive advantage. By entering into a joint venture with Bishopsgate, Brookfield blocks the possibility of Bishopsgate entering in the property management practice as much as it blocks its competitors into brokering a deal with Bishopsgate. It can thus be said that the move to form a joint venture is a brilliant and strategic move towards maintaining competitive advantage over other companies. Buy custom Joint Ventures essay

Britain and Revolutionary war

Britain had control over the colonists which cant they werent free men and couldnt make their own government like the Declaration of Independence stated that they could. The colonists that wrote the Declaration of Independence were Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, Roger , Sam Adams and Robert E. And with what they wrote they were trying to convince other people that how Britain was treating them wasnt justified and that they were Just like the people in Britain and they werent less human than them so they had the right to be free Just like Britain.The Declaration of independence was in the point of view of the colonists but it was still Justified because Its true that all men are created equal and that the colonists arent any less than the British so the colonists had all the rights to declare their independence. The colonists fought alongside Britain in the French and Indian war, which they didnt even start, and when they won the war Britain decided to take advantage of the colo nists. One way Britain took advantage of the colonists was that they taxed them. Britain put a stamp act, which stated that any legal document had to have a stamp that had to be bought.But that wasnt the worst part because Britain also taxed them for tea. Tea was like a necessity for the colonists. Colonists drank tea dally but now they were being taxed for it. The colonists were also in charge of supplying for the British army that was in America. The colonists didnt need all those soldiers in America but Britain Just wanted to make profit off them. Britain was just taken advantage of the colonist by Just taxing them to pay off Britains war debt, taxing the colonists for their necessities Like tea, sugar, coffee, and wine, plus they had to supply Britains soldiers. Britain also took away the privilege for the colonists to move Into he new land that they Just fought hard for. The colonists werent able to migrate Into land that they just won because Britain had control over them and didnt want them to so basically Britain took advantage of the colonists because they helped them in the war but at the end the colonists were paying for the war and couldnt get something that was theirs which was the new land they had Just conquered.Since the colonists were taken advantage of by Britain by being taxed without representation and having things taken away from them It was completely Justified for the colonists to declare their independence. Britain also put an act called the sugar act, which taxed the colonists for things like sugar and molasses. This upset the colonists because they were just being taxed on more necessities and most people couldnt afford it anymore so they were Just other necessities taken away from them. The British were Just doing it to pay off their war debt.The colonists complained about the sugar act and being taxed but Britain did not listen to them so and placed more acts against the colonists. The sugar act also affected merchants and shippers because they were being taxed on their product that they were making money off so they would eventually end up losing money. The colonists were angry that the British werent listening to them and being unjust by taxing them without representation so they had the right to claim their independence. There was a news article that said that the colonists were over reacting to the taxes.They said that they were lucky they werent being taxed on other things like beer but even so what the colonists were being taxed on were necessities to them. The colonists drank tea almost every day and sugar was a major thing for the colonists because they all used it. The article on the newspaper written by someone from England also said that the taxes did not affect the poor only the rich because the poor didnt buy newspaper so the stamp act did not affect them and that stamps arent a necessity of life.But poor people still needed other things that they were being taxed on. So Britain taxing the colonists was Just unfair and gave the colonists more reasons to rebel. The colonists originally did not want to break from Britain and loyalty to the king. They tried to propose their concerns and ideas for resolve peacefully to Britain but they would not even listen to their proposal. Instead they continued to worsen the colonists anger towards Britain until it drove them to revolt.In 1775 the colonists finally declared themselves to be in a state of rebellion. They had had enough years of unfair and poor treatment. The government as corrupt and they had the right to abolish it and create a new one like the Declaration of independence stated they could but Britain did not let them. The colonists had many reasons why they were morally Justified in declaring Independence, and without their bravery and determination for liberty we would not live in this wonderful country the United States of America today.

How do men and women use language differently Research Paper

How do men and women use language differently - Research Paper Example â€Å"Men grow up in a world in which a conversation is often a contest, either to achieve the upper hand or to prevent other people from pushing them around whereas women often speak for confirmation and support† The male domination in the society is often cited as major the reason for which males and females use language differently. Women in normal cases, use more polite words than men. Men always try to stamp their authority and they often use bold words to dominate over others. On the other hand women use soft words because of their inferior status in the society. Women and men have different purposes in a communication process and they use language based on the purpose. For example, men usually use language as a status symbol and to dominate over others whereas women often seek support and they use polite words. â€Å"Women tend to use more standard forms of English whereas men tend to use less standard forms of English†(Women language, n. d). The intentions of wo men and men in a conversation are different. Women often work for social cohesion and they do not like conflicts in the society. So they use only formal languages in order to avoid clashes. Women are normally peace loving people. On the other hand, men often use language to assert their dominance in a group which is hierarchically formed. In other words, men often like the company of people who are ready to accept their views and opinion. For example, drug addicts or alcohol addicts often like to have the company of similar people whereas nonalcoholic people will never like the company of alcoholic people.